Tutorial 9: Use Background

Goal:Use the Background concept to execute a number of steps before each scenario.

Hint

This example is based on the Ninja Survival Rate examples from [SecretNinja10].

Write the Feature Test

# file:features/tutorial09_background.feature
Feature: Using Background -- Fight or Flight (Natural Language Part2, tutorial09)

    Background: Ninja fight setup
        Given the ninja encounters another opponent

    Scenario: Weaker opponent
        Given the ninja has a third level black-belt
        When attacked by a samurai
        Then the ninja should engage the opponent

    Scenario: Stronger opponent
        Given the ninja has a second level black-belt
        When attacked by Chuck Norris
        Then the ninja should run for his life

Provide the Test Automation

# file:features/steps/step_tutorial02.py
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# BACKGROUND-STEPS: Needed for tutorial09
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@given('the ninja encounters another opponent')
def step_the_ninja_encounters_another_opponent(context):
    """
    BACKGROUND steps are called at begin of each scenario before other steps.
    """
    # -- SETUP/TEARDOWN:
    if hasattr(context, "ninja_fight"):
        # -- VERIFY: Double-call does not occur.
        assert_that(context.ninja_fight, is_not(equal_to(None)))
    context.ninja_fight = None

# file:features/steps/step_tutorial02.py
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# STEPS:
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
from behave   import given, when, then
from hamcrest import assert_that, equal_to, is_not

@given('the ninja has a {achievement_level}')
def step_the_ninja_has_a(context, achievement_level):
    context.ninja_fight = NinjaFight(achievement_level)

@when('attacked by a {opponent_role}')
def step_attacked_by_a(context, opponent_role):
    context.ninja_fight.opponent = opponent_role

@when('attacked by {opponent}')
def step_attacked_by(context, opponent):
    context.ninja_fight.opponent = opponent

@then('the ninja should {reaction}')
def step_the_ninja_should(context, reaction):
    assert_that(reaction, equal_to(context.ninja_fight.decision()))

Provide the Domain Model

# file:features/steps/step_tutorial02.py
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# PROBLEM DOMAIN:
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
class NinjaFight(object):
    """
    Domain model for ninja fights.
    """
    # pylint: disable=R0903

    def __init__(self, with_ninja_level=None):
        self.with_ninja_level = with_ninja_level
        self.opponent = None

    def decision(self):
        """
        Business logic how a Ninja should react to increase his survival rate.
        """
        assert self.with_ninja_level is not None
        assert self.opponent is not None
        if self.opponent == "Chuck Norris":
            return "run for his life"
        if "black-belt" in self.with_ninja_level:
            return "engage the opponent"
        else:
            return "run for his life"

Run the Feature Test

When you run this feature test with the background functionality:

$ behave ../features/tutorial09_background.feature
Feature: Using Background -- Fight or Flight (Natural Language Part2, tutorial09)   # ../features/tutorial09_background.feature:1

  Background: Ninja fight setup  # ../features/tutorial09_background.feature:3

  Scenario: Weaker opponent                      # ../features/tutorial09_background.feature:6
    Given the ninja encounters another opponent  # ../features/steps/step_tutorial02.py:78
    Given the ninja has a third level black-belt # ../features/steps/step_tutorial02.py:57
    When attacked by a samurai                   # ../features/steps/step_tutorial02.py:61
    Then the ninja should engage the opponent    # ../features/steps/step_tutorial02.py:69

  Scenario: Stronger opponent                     # ../features/tutorial09_background.feature:11
    Given the ninja encounters another opponent   # ../features/steps/step_tutorial02.py:78
    Given the ninja has a second level black-belt # ../features/steps/step_tutorial02.py:57
    When attacked by Chuck Norris                 # ../features/steps/step_tutorial02.py:65
    Then the ninja should run for his life        # ../features/steps/step_tutorial02.py:69

1 feature passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped
2 scenarios passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped
8 steps passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped, 0 undefined
Took 0m0.002s